Top 10 African Countries by Patents in 2025

In Summary

• South Africa’s patent grants are more than ten times those of Nigeria, illustrating the significant impact of legal and research structures on innovation.
• Seychelles, with fewer than 100,000 people, appears in the ranking as proof that size doesn’t always limit innovation potential.
• Africa’s patent totals exclude 48,265 patents filed under regional organizations, indicating that the continent’s actual innovation footprint is larger than it initially appears.
  

Deep Dive!!

Lagos, Nigeria, Friday, September 5 – Innovation is often measured by how many new ideas move from imagination into legally protected realities. Across the world, patents provide that measure, serving as a barometer of a country’s ability to create, protect, and commercialize original solutions. In Africa, patent filings and grants reveal more than just numbers; they indicate the strength of legal systems, the capacity of research institutions, and the commitment of governments to support inventors.

Patents serve as proof that knowledge is being transformed into assets with economic value. They reflect the growth of technical expertise, the development of industries, and the effort to compete in a global economy shaped by intellectual property. For African countries, patent statistics show both the current stage of innovation and the structures being built to sustain it. Examining these rankings provides a clearer picture of how African nations are positioning themselves in the global landscape of science, technology, and industry.

The figures also highlight the gap between Africa and leading economies, where patent filings number in the millions each year. Yet they show steady progress, with more African countries appearing in international databases and aligning their policies with global standards such as the WTO TRIPS agreement. This combination of growth and reform suggests that while Africa’s patent numbers remain small, the direction is clear toward broader recognition of intellectual property as a tool for development.

10. Kenya

Kenya has 38 patents granted and 417 applications. These figures highlight both the challenges and the momentum within the country’s innovation space. Patent activity in Kenya is largely concentrated in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, renewable energy, and digital technology sectors that mirror the country’s development goals and export potential.

The Kenya Industrial Property Institute (KIPI) is the agency responsible for examining and granting patents. In recent years, it has worked to streamline application processes and expand public awareness of intellectual property rights, especially among small businesses and universities. Despite these efforts, limited technical expertise and the high costs of patenting remain barriers for many local innovators, with foreign applicants continuing to dominate filings.

Kenya’s strong research base provides a foundation for future growth. Institutions such as the University of Nairobi, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, and the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization contribute significantly to patentable innovations, particularly in biotechnology and crop science. Nairobi’s technology ecosystem, often referred to as “Silicon Savannah,” has also attracted global recognition, with hubs like iHub and Konza Technopolis supporting startups that increasingly turn to intellectual property protection.

The gap between applications and approvals shows that Kenya is still building the structures needed to support inventors fully. However, the country’s participation in international frameworks such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and adherence to the WTO TRIPS agreement signal alignment with global standards. With ongoing reforms, international partnerships, and a fast-growing startup culture, Kenya’s patent system is evolving into a stronger pillar of its knowledge economy.

9. Angola

Angola recorded 43 patents granted against 80 applications, reflecting a steady increase in intellectual property activity in a country traditionally known for its oil and mineral exports. Many of the filings are tied to engineering, mining, and energy, showing how patents are being used to strengthen Angola’s resource-driven economy while also encouraging diversification.

Patent administration is overseen by the Angolan Institute of Industrial Property (IAPI), which works under the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. As a WIPO member and signatory to the TRIPS agreement, Angola provides inventors with internationally recognized protection. Recent modernization of IAPI has included digitization of records and stronger enforcement mechanisms, which have helped streamline patent registration.

Looking ahead, Angola is channeling efforts into renewable energy, agribusiness technologies, and digital innovation as part of its post-oil economic strategy. Patents connected to solar power, agricultural machinery, and fintech solutions are beginning to emerge. This shift positions Angola not only as a resource-rich country but also as a market ready to host technology that can support long-term sustainable growth.

8. Gambia

Gambia holds 45 patents granted against 88 applications, a notable figure for one of Africa’s smallest nations. Many of these filings are tied to pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and technologies adapted to the country’s climate and economic structure. The balance between applications and grants suggests that inventors and institutions are actively seeking protection for ideas despite the country’s limited industrial base.

The administration of patents falls under the Gambia Intellectual Property Office (GIPO), established in line with WIPO and TRIPS standards. The office has been instrumental in harmonizing local laws with global agreements, giving Gambian innovators access to international protection. As a member of the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO), Gambia also benefits from collective frameworks that streamline cross-border filings.

Gambia is developing a stronger innovation culture in areas linked to health research, renewable energy, and agritech. Institutions such as the University of The Gambia and partnerships with global development organizations are helping increase awareness about intellectual property rights. This positions the country to turn research in sustainable agriculture, solar energy, and medical innovation into patents with both regional and global value.

7. Madagascar

Madagascar registered 22 patents granted and 22 applications, an equal balance that underscores its small but focused innovation activity. Much of this is linked to the country’s unique biodiversity, with medicinal plants, agricultural processes, and pharmaceutical research standing out among the filings. These patents also reflect collaborations between local researchers and international partners studying Madagascar’s rich ecosystems.

Patent oversight falls under the Malagasy Industrial Property Office (OMAPI), which is connected to the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO). Membership in ARIPO provides Madagascar’s inventors with access to protection across multiple African countries while aligning its processes with international standards. This has given local innovations particularly in biotechnology and health sciences wider reach.

Madagascar is increasingly using patents to safeguard traditional knowledge and genetic resources, especially in response to global demand for natural-based pharmaceuticals. With WIPO support, the country has been strengthening its legal framework to ensure that communities benefit directly from biodiversity-driven research. This creates potential for Madagascar to become a leading voice in the intersection of intellectual property, conservation, and scientific innovation.

6. Seychelles

Seychelles takes sixth place with 62 patents granted against 25 applications, showing how the island nation has positioned itself as a center for protecting innovations related to marine industries, environmental technologies, and tourism. The data points to a unique dynamic where protection of ideas is often linked to the country’s natural resources and service-based economy.

Patent oversight is carried out by the Registrar General’s Office under the Ministry of Finance, Trade, Investment, and Economic Planning. Seychelles is also fully integrated into global intellectual property systems through WIPO and the Patent Cooperation Treaty. This has made it possible for both foreign companies and local inventors to extend protection internationally while anchoring their patents under Seychelles’ legal system.

Growing focus on the Blue Economy is encouraging patent activity in ocean-based renewable energy, marine biotechnology, and sustainable fishing technologies. The University of Seychelles and research collaborations with international partners are increasingly linked to these filings. With its strong alignment to sustainability and environmental stewardship, Seychelles is shaping a patent profile that stands out for its focus on ocean-related solutions.

5. Egypt

Egypt registered 495 patents granted and 1,914 applications, making it one of Africa’s most active patenting nations. The numbers reflect both strong domestic filings and international interest in securing protection within Egypt’s growing economy. Patents in the country cover a wide range of sectors, including pharmaceuticals, engineering, ICT, and renewable energy, showing how Egypt’s innovation landscape extends beyond its traditional industrial base.

The Egyptian Patent Office, one of the oldest in Africa and the Arab world, administers patents under the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology. It operates in alignment with WIPO standards and has been recognized as a competent international search and preliminary examination authority under the Patent Cooperation Treaty. This status allows Egypt to play a regional leadership role in intellectual property administration, attracting inventors across Africa and the Middle East.

Recent government initiatives, including Vision 2030, place innovation and research at the center of national development. Significant investment has been directed into clean energy projects, pharmaceuticals, and digital technologies, supported by universities such as Cairo University and the American University in Cairo. With this mix of institutional strength and sectoral investment, Egypt is steadily building a patent environment that supports its ambition to be a knowledge-driven economy.

4. Morocco 

Morocco recorded 579 patents granted and 2,913 applications, placing it among Africa’s leading countries in intellectual property activity. The high volume of applications reflects a strong innovation pipeline, with patents concentrated in automotive manufacturing, renewable energy, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. International companies, especially in the automotive and aeronautics sectors, are key contributors, alongside domestic universities and research centers.

Patent administration in Morocco is overseen by the Moroccan Office of Industrial and Commercial Property (OMPIC). The office plays a central role in modernizing IP systems, digitizing patent processes, and ensuring compliance with WIPO and TRIPS frameworks. Morocco has also integrated intellectual property into its industrial development strategy, making patents a tool for both economic growth and international competitiveness.

The country’s rapid growth in renewable energy projects most notably solar and wind, has created a steady flow of patent activity in green technologies. Partnerships with international firms and research collaborations with Moroccan universities are expanding the scope of patent filings, particularly in engineering and applied sciences. This combination of industrial policy, strong institutions, and sectoral investment positions Morocco as a key innovation hub in North Africa.

3. Algeria 

Algeria stands third in Africa with 610 patents granted and 1,118 applications, underscoring its consistent role in industrial and technological innovation. The bulk of filings is linked to oil and gas engineering, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural technologies, reflecting the country’s resource-driven economy alongside efforts to diversify into other knowledge-based sectors.

The Algerian National Institute of Industrial Property (INAPI) manages patent activity, ensuring alignment with WIPO standards and TRIPS obligations. INAPI has been modernizing its operations through digital systems, public awareness campaigns, and partnerships with universities and research centers. Algeria’s legal framework also provides incentives for inventors and foreign investors to register patents within the country, making it an important regional player in IP governance.

Innovation policy in Algeria increasingly supports renewable energy, biotechnology, and ICT research. Universities such as the University of Algiers and specialized research institutes are contributing to patent filings in medicine and agriculture. With state-backed initiatives promoting entrepreneurship and research, Algeria is positioning its patent system as a driver of technological self-sufficiency and future economic growth.

2. Nigeria

Nigeria ranks second in Africa with 1,081 patents granted and 1,104 applications, a near balance that highlights both the country’s active innovation ecosystem and the responsiveness of its intellectual property system. Patent activity spans pharmaceuticals, agriculture, engineering, ICT, and fintech, reflecting the breadth of Nigeria’s economy and the growing contribution of its knowledge industries.

The Trademarks, Patents and Designs Registry under the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment administers patents in Nigeria. The office aligns with WIPO standards and is a member of the Patent Cooperation Treaty, which allows Nigerian inventors to extend protection internationally. Ongoing reforms are focused on digitization and improving efficiency, supported by collaborations with WIPO and regional organizations to strengthen awareness of intellectual property rights.

Universities and research institutions such as the University of Lagos, Covenant University, and research arms of multinational firms contribute significantly to filings. The rise of Nigeria’s tech ecosystem particularly in fintech and agritech has also spurred new patent activity. With government strategies like the National Digital Economy Policy and Innovation Master Plan emphasizing research, local content, and entrepreneurship, Nigeria is consolidating its position as a hub for African innovation.

1. South Africa 

South Africa leads Africa with 11,267 patents granted and 13,990 applications, reflecting a mature innovation ecosystem supported by strong institutions, legal frameworks, and a diverse economy. Patent activity covers pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, renewable energy, mining technologies, and ICT, highlighting the country’s advanced industrial base and research capacity.

The Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (CIPC) oversees patents in South Africa, operating under WIPO and TRIPS guidelines. The office has implemented digitized systems to streamline applications and improve efficiency. South Africa also plays a regional leadership role in intellectual property governance, offering inventors a pathway for international protection through the Patent Cooperation Treaty and partnerships with ARIPO.

South Africa’s robust research ecosystem, including universities such as the University of Cape Town, University of Pretoria, and Stellenbosch University, supports high levels of patentable innovation. Government initiatives promoting renewable energy, health technologies, and digital industries are complemented by a vibrant startup culture. These factors position South Africa not only as Africa’s patent leader but also as a continental hub for knowledge-driven economic growth and technological advancement.